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63636551聽力聽不懂,癥結(jié)在哪兒?
想要突破聽力,我們面對的最大的困難就是“聽不懂”。聽不懂的原因首先在于詞匯量不足——單詞不認識,或只認識單詞不會聽和讀。詞匯量是英語學習的基礎,同學們可以借著寒假有充裕的時間補充自己的詞匯量。
其次,還有同學反映自己,在做聽力時,每個詞都能聽懂,但就是聽不明白聽力錄音在說什么內(nèi)容,不清楚聽力段落的含義。這種情況,主要是因為對句型(語法)沒有掌握。想要聽懂段落,先要聽懂句子。
涉及到聽力段落,主要就是聽力新聞和聽力講座這兩個分值較高的題型。我們以新聞為例:英語新聞一般采用結(jié)構(gòu)簡短的句子,但為了在一個句子中包含盡可能多的新聞事實或信息,使用了大量的復合句和帶擴展結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。
【復合句】
含賓語從句的復合句
這類復合句大多接在say,ask,report,quote,deny,confirm等動詞后,句子的內(nèi)容往往是間接引語,許多命題的設置都是針對句子中的細節(jié)內(nèi)容。如:
On its Web site,the White House Budget Office says the program to send astronauts to the moon is behind schedule over budget and overall less important than other space investments.
After hours of heated debate,speaker Mahmoud al Mashhadani announced that the vote is scheduled for Wednesday,and can be put forward provided parties in the parliament would reach an agreement on the pact.
Egyptian economic sources said the two sides will discuss the possibility of setting up a joint business council when the Egyptian-Spanish Higher Committee meets in the first half of September in Madrid,Spain.
含定語從句的復合句
在英語新聞中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)含有定語從句的復合句。這類句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、信息量大,是新聞聽力中的難點。聽這類句子時,要注意抓住句子的主體部分,即句子的主、謂、賓。例如:
AT&T,which is the only wireless operator in the U.S.selling the iphone,has been the target of much criticism over this past year,as many iPhone subscribers,particularly in densely populated urban areas,have complained about dropped calls,slow Internet access,and poor service.
句中的定語從句說明了AT&T是什么類型的公司。
Eleven fishing boat crew who had been stranded since October in a remote part of Rassia’s Far East have been rescued after sheltering nearly three months at an abandoned military base.
這個句子中的定語從句說明了漁船船員的情況。
【使用擴展的簡單句】
由于時間限制,英語新聞文體在語法方面的一個重要特點是句型的高度擴展,且結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹,將豐富的信息壓縮在有限的篇幅中。常見的方法有使用同位語、分詞短語等語言成分擴展簡單句。
同位語
在英語新聞中,句子不僅要簡潔精練,而且還要盡可能多地傳遞信息,因而不可避免地大量使用同位語。特別是交代人物身份、職業(yè)、年齡的詞語,交代組織機構(gòu)的地點、性質(zhì)的詞語,以及交代城市的位置、遠近、特點的詞語通常都用同位語來表示。如:
The words and music are an updated version of“We Are the World”,a song that raised at least$30 million for African humanitarian programs 25 years ago.
A song that raised at least$30 million for African humanitarian programs 25 years ago是We Are the World的同位語,對We Are the World進行解釋說明。
Four American teenagers,all children of U.S.military personnel,have been arrested on charges of attempted murder after a woman was knocked off her motorbike with rope strung across two poles,Japanese police said.
all children of U.S.military personnel是Four American teenagers的同位語,指出這四個美國少年的背景。
分詞短語
英語新聞經(jīng)常使用分詞短語把次要內(nèi)容融在一個句子里,這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子簡單,主謂分明,而且能使每句話盡可能多地包含信息。許多考題的答案往往就隱藏在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如:
That year,the terrorists’group attacked the athletes’village,eventually killing 11 Israeli athletes and coaches.
句中包含了一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語killing 11 Israeli athletes and coaches,補充說明恐怖組織襲擊村莊的結(jié)果。
On December 7th,a woman attacked the offices of a Diyala-based Sunni group,fighting al-Qaida in Iraq,killing 15 people and wounding 35,then on December 31,a bomber in Baqouba,detonated her suicide vest close to a police patrol,wounding five policeman and four civilians.
這個句子包含四個分詞知識:fighting al-Qaida in Iraq,killing 15 people,wounding35和wounding five policeman and four civilians,補充說明了攻擊造成的后果。
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